Practical use of low-cost and simple monitoring system for slope failures due to heavy rainfall based on water contents and tilting angles

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A practical, low-cost and simple monitoring and early warning system for slope disasters due to heavy rainfall was developed. It consists of volumetric water content sensors and tilt sensors connected to a sensor networks. The developed equipments were modified for its functions and reliability, and verified by pilot deployment into unstable slopes in Japan and China. Some criteria for issuing warning based on real time data from the tilt sensors were proposed by analyzing the results of field measurements. Some laboratory tests were conducted to investigate wave velocity as index of water contents and instability of slopes consisting of unsaturated soils. Laboratory tests were also conducted to theoretical modeling of hydraulic properties and deformation properties of slopes.