A new research on early-modern Vietnam through EIC Tonkin factory records

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This study aims to charactarize political history of Vietnam during early modern period through analysis of the English India Company Tonkin Factory Records.From analyses of original text located in the British Library, many interesting historical facts are uncovered. Two of important facts are :(1) Person who can use Portuguese take important role for EIC activity in Tonkin, especially in early phase.(2) Many Simese vessels come to Pho Hien which is the main port in Tonkin to trade. Some captains of these Simese vessels have married with rocal female. This phenomena is broadly observated in Asian port cities.