Antarctic haze: occurrence, spatial distribution, and long-range transport from mid-latitudes

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To understand physical/chemical properties, spatial distributions, and frequency of haze appearance, simultaneous measurements of aerosols and gasses were made at Syowa Station, Antarctica. Haze episodes attribute mainly to release of sea-salt particles from sea-ice surface under strong winds. Because the haze phenomena were identified often in July-September, seasonal features of haze appearance might relate to sea-ice extent. Haze layers were distributed mainly in surface-ca. 2 km above ground. In the largest haze conditions, haze layer appeared in surface-ca. 4 km over Syowa Station. After polar sunrise (August-October), surface ozone depletion occurred in the haze phenomena. Thus, Antarctic haze might have an important role in atmospheric chemistry in Antarctic regions.