Effects of nuclear receptor-activating compounds produced By microalgae on aquatic animal

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A novel analogue of retinoic acid, 7-hydroxy retinoic acid, was found in waterbloom-forming cyanobacteria. The analogue had an agonistic activity against retinoic acid receptor (RAR) as a kind of nuclear receptors. The novel analogue was isolated from mass-cultured Spirulina sp.(TU-3).The analogue was found in all-tested strains of cyanobacteria. The analogue exist a mixture of four isomers by cis-trans isomerization including keto-enol tautomerism. The agonistic activity of the analogue against RAR was a half of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). The analogue was far-stable under UV-A compared with ATRA. The stability of 7-hydroxy retinoic acid under UV-A suggest that amphibians and fishes living in waterblooms occurring waters may be exposure, and give teratogenic effects.