Development of Three-dimensional Simulation Programs of Mantle Convection with Multiple Phases and/or Components

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In this study we have developed three-dimensional simulation programs of mantle convection with multiple phases and/or components under extreme conditions with high temperature and pressure, by combining and improving a suite of numerical programs based on our own algorithm with an excellent performance. The new suite enabled us to conduct numerical simulation studies on the mantle dynamics of terrestrial planets including (i) the development of chemical heterogeneities in the Earth's deep mantle, (ii) the flows in the "Big Mantle Wedge" (BMW) above the stagnant slabs in the mantle transition zone, and (iii) the fundamental roles of adiabatic compression in the thermal convection in the mantles of massive "super-Earths".