Pharmaceuticals Concentrations in TreatedWastewater in Rural Sewerage and Dynamics of Pharmaceuticals in Paddy Field Irrigated with Treated Wastewater

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In this research, it was suggested that the rural sewerage treatment plants have high removal function of pharmaceuticals, especially for the plants employing the activated sludge process. While the various kinds of pharmaceuticals were detected in the treated wastewaters in the actual rural sewerage treatment plants, the concentrations were not over the critical level for aquatic ecosystem. Ketoprofen (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) had the highest risk, however, in 15 pharmaceuticals measured in this research. The paddy field which irrigated with treated wastewater had the purification function for the almost all of the 15 pharmaceuticals including Ketoprofen. In the investigated field, the pharmaceuticals accumulation with time in paddy soil and the pharmaceuticals movement to the edible parts of rice plant were not observed. These results suggest that the non-diluted reclaimed wastewater irrigation for paddy is valuable technique for environmental protection for aquatic ecosystem surrounding wastewater treatment plants.