Forest Management as Regional Governance in South Asia

联合森林管理（JFM）是自20世纪90年代以来在世界范围内推广的以社区为基础的森林管理项目之一。在本研究中，我们试图澄清在印度和尼泊尔的JFMs的实际情况。实际上，我们可以从森林的快速生长速度中定量地观察到JFM计划的成功。我们可以在村一级观察到一些JFMs的成功案例，但我们也必须认识到，在森林以外的地区，区域治理的可能性正在下降。特别是，国家公园等管理良好的森林与其他森林之间存在着明显的对比。

Joint Forest Management (JFM), is one of the Community-based forest management program which has spread across the world since the 1990’s. In this study, we attempted to clarify the actual situation of JFMs in India and Nepal. Actually, we can quantitatively observe the success of the JFM program as exemplified by the rapid growth rate of forest. We can observe some of successful cases of JFMs in village level, but also we have to recognize that the possibility of regional governance have been declining in the region outside of the forest. In particular, there is the striking contrast between the well-managed forest such as National Parks and the others.