Effect of Changes in Central Hemodynamics on the RespiratoryChemorelfex Feedback System Controlling Ventilation in Humans.

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Although previous findings indicate that central blood volume (CBV) shift influences the respiratory regulation, the major regulatory mechanisms in the respiratory chemoreflex system which determine the operating arterial partial pressure of CO2 and minute ventilation responses to changes in CBV remain unclear. Using respiratory equilibrium diagram analysis, we evaluated the effect of CBV shift on the respiratory chemoreflex system divided into two subsystems: a controller (controlling system) and a plant (controlled system). Our findings first provide that CBV shift are related to the alteration in the properties of both controller and plant subsystems, and thus alter the operation mechanism of respiratory regulation under CBV shift. The equilibrium diagram analysis clearly indicates that resetting of the controller, rather than the plant, contributes predominantly to shift in the operating point under CBV shift.The respiratory controller resetting and/or plant dysfunction induced by CBV shift may be contributing to ventilatory abnormalities in CHF.