Mathematical Exchange between Eastern Asia and Japan at the Early Modern Age

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Japanese mathematicians at the Edo period studied both of northern Chinese mathematics and southern Chinese mathematics. The people of different hierarchies, however, learned two types of mathematics. The gentlemen or rich farmers learned southern Chinese mathematics, and handled business of the village. Therefore they studied “abacus mathematics” of southern Chinese civilization for operating addition, subtraction, multiplication and division operation after in the latter half of the Edo period.On the other hand, Samurai medical doctor and samurai military scholars studied astronomy of northern Chinese civilization and western mathematics. Through our studies of mathematical arts in the 19th century, we can know that the people of different hierarchies learned two types of mathematics.