Identification of original sources of vermilion in antiquity of Roman Empire period in Europe

收集了来自欧洲11个国家29个矿山的朱砂矿石。在测定朱砂矿硫同位素比值时，不同矿种的比值也不同。此外，还利用硫、汞同位素比值绘制了二维图，更清楚地显示了各矿区的差异。然而，尽管从罗马绘画中收集到了朱红，但用于测量汞同位素比的样本太少了。然后，我们测量了罗马绘画中使用的朱红的硫同位素比值。匈牙利奥陶洛斯使用的朱红最初是从跨西尔瓦尼亚地区收集的，西班牙克卢尼亚使用的朱红是从西班牙的阿尔马登矿收集的。总之，朱红中硫同位素比值分析是鉴别古代所用朱红来源的有效方法。人们可能会认为，当硫和汞同位素的联合分析成为可能时，精确度会提高得更多。

Cinnabar ores from 29 mines in 11 counties in Europe were collected. And when the ratio of sulfur isotope of cinnabar ore was measured, the values were different depending on the mine. In addition, 2-D graph was made by both sulfur and mercury isotope ratios, the difference ever mine appeared more clearly. However, there was too few to measure the mercury isotope ratio, although vermilion was collected from the Roman paintings. Then, we measured the ratio of sulfur isotope of vermilion used in Roman paintings. And vermilion used in Obuda in Hungary had been originally collected from the Transylvania area and vermilion used in Clunia in Spain had been collected from the Almaden mine in Spain. In conclusion, the analysis of sulfur isotope ratio in vermilion is an effective method to identify the original sources of vermilion used in ancient times. And it may be thought that precision increases more when combined analyses of sulfur and mercury isotopes are possible.