Iron uptake and growth of coastal marine phytoplankton in the presence of fulvic-iron complex

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Organic-rich river waters contribute to significantly high concentrations of iron chemical species due to the Fe(III) complexation with fulvic acid. The riverine dissolved fulvic-Fe(III) complex is relatively stable in seawater even after estuarine mixing and the Fe(III) complexation with fulvic acid is an important role in transporting iron from rivers to the coastal regions. An addition of riverine dissolved fulvic-Fe(III) complex to the phytoplankton culture media induced maximal cell yields and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations with high growth and Chl-a production rates. The dissolved fulvic-Fe(III) complex in seawater supplies biologically available inorganic Fe(III) species in culture media through its dissociation under the seawater condition. Therefore, the dissolved fulvic-Fe(III) complex supplied by riverine input may play an important role in supplying bioavailable iron and inducing the high primary production in coastal regions.