Study on the energy dissipating effect of forests on large-scale snow-avalanches

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The large-scale snow-avalanche flow was simulated over the terrain of the Makunosawa valley in Myoko using the numerical model TITAN2D, in order to verify the effect of forests on reducing velocity and stopping the avalanche of the Makunosawa valley in 2008. In the simulations, forest was distinguished from open area without forest by giving the larger bed friction angle. In result of the simulation, if the forest had not existed, the avalanche might have reach 200 m farther than the actual reach in the forest. The distinct effect of forest was shown.