Collaboration and Contestation among Track 2 and Track 3 Actors inSoutheast Asia

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The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is considered as a hybrid organization that encompasses various channels or tracks. This research illuminates the non-official or non-governmental aspects of this organization, namely the think-tank based research network (track 2) and civil society organizations. It reveals that track 2 and track 3 actors have employed different approaches to engage with track 1 governmental organization (ASEAN) in their dealings with the areas of human rights and security cooperation. The author utilizes a ‘horizontal dialogue’ model to examine nurturing trust as well as conflicting advocacy conducted by both track 2 and 3 channels.