International Expansion of Multinational Enterprises withNo Accountability

对于没有公开、信息披露责任的组织，我们首先关注的是封闭式、民营、非上市的地方企业。2011年9月，我们的工作成果之一在跨国企业学会西区会议上做了报告。“跨国企业的历史思考”和“服务经济与国际商务的趋势”分别收录在2012年出版的《跨国企业与新兴市场》和《国际商务》两本书的每一章中。然而，从2011年“3·11”灾难后对重建的贡献来看，我们推动了对非营利组织无责任公开和信息披露的研究。2012年5月，在日本国际经济研究院的会议上，我们结合组织哲学、专一性和流动性相关的研究成果，做了题为“对自由站立的新挑战”的演讲。我们提到联合公司和有限责任商业合伙公司是一个人的协会，一般联合公司是一个人的协会。联合公司和有限责任商业合伙企业是独立公司（FSC）的演变载体，在19世纪末至1914年间，独立公司（FSC）在发达国家（欧洲）向发展中国家（美国等）的国际资本转移中发挥了重要作用。另外，我们还指出，从2008年开始，有可能以金融监督委员会的非营利性形式，在所有业务领域进行国际扩张。”2012年8月，在巴黎举行的第16届欧洲商业历史协会年会上，我们做了题为“下一种非营利类型——日本的独立企业——通用联合公司的介绍以及地中海伙伴关系的历史和衍生流动”的报告，原标题为“对独立企业的新挑战：总部设在一个国家但在另一个国家运营的独立企业（FSC）是否可以成为非营利？””。2013年3月，我们发表了《从广岛看日本的3/11灾难：多学科视角》第六章《国际商业视角下的3/11灾难：独立联合与相互支持的可能性》。这一章讨论了跨国企业在没有向公众开放或披露信息责任的情况下进行国际扩张对灾后重建的可能性。在我们目前的研究中，我们对2008年执行的通用联合公司中没有向公众开放或信息披露责任的非营利组织的跨国化有贡献感。但这一研究一直停留在全球治理和跨国组织间联盟与合作的问题上。我们将继续积极参与他们的问题。少

Concerning organizations with no accountability for opening to the public or disclosure of information, at first, we focused attention on close or privately held or unlisted local corporations. One of results of our work was made a presentation in the Western District Conference of Academy of Multinational Enterprises in September 2011. “Historical Deliberation upon Multinational Enterprises” and “Trend toward Service Economy and International Business” are included in each chapter of one Book : Multinational Enterprises and Emerging Markets, and the other: Inter‐national Business, which were published in 2012.From the viewpoint of contributions to reconstruction from The 3/11 Disaster 2011, however, we have promoted the research on Non-profit Organizations with no accountability for opening to the public or disclosure of information. In the conference of Japan Academy of International Business Studies in May 2012, we made a presentation about “New Challenge towards The Free-Standing” … More based on our works related to Organizational Philosophy, Specificity and Mobility. We made mention of Union Corporation and Limited Liability Business Partnership as an Association of Persons, and General Associational Corporation as an Association of Capita. Union Corporation and Limited Liability Business Partnership are evolving vehicles of the Free-Standing Company (FSC) which had played a large role of International Capital Transfer from Developed Countries (Europe) to Developing Countries (USA etc.) between the end of 19th century and 1914. Also, We pointed to a possibility that General Associational Corporation with effect from 2008 could expand internationally in all business fields as Non-profit type of the FSC. In 16th Annual Conference of European Business History Association at Paris in August 2012 , we made a presentation of “NEXT NON-PROFIT TYPE THE FREE-STANDING IN JAPAN‐Introduction of General Associational Corporation and Historical and Derivative Flow of Mediterranean Partnerships‐”, the Original Title “New Challenge towards The Free-Standing: The Free-Standing Company (FSC) Headquartered in One Country but Operated in Another can Be Non-Profit? ”. In March 2013, we published “The 3/11 Disaster from the Perspective of International Business：The Free-Standing Association and the Possibility of Mutual Support”, Chapter 6 in Japan’s 3/11 Disasters as Seen from Hiroshima : A Multidisciplinary Approach. The chapter made relation to possibility of the disaster reconstruction by the international Expansion of Multinational Enterprises with No Accountability for opening to the public or disclosure of information.In our current study, we have a sense of contribution toward the multinationalization of Non-profit Organizations with No Accountability for opening to the public or disclosure of information, which are General Associational Corporation executed in 2008. But this study have been remained the issues about global governance and both alliances and collaborations between multinational organizations. We are continuing to be actively involved in their issues. Less