Role of electromagnetic coupling between mid-latitude ionosphere and inner magnetosphere during geomagnetic disturbances.

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We showed that the overshielding electric field develops together with the convection electric field during the substorm expansion phase by using data from global magnetometer networks and SuperDARN radars. Based on the HF Doppler measurements, the overshielding electric field at mid latitude was found to be 2 mV/m, comparable tothe storm time convection electric field. Our results suggest that the overshielding electric field plays an important role in the geomagnetic and ionospheric disturbances at mid-equatorial latitudes and would contribute to the growth/decay of magnetospheric disturbances.