Development offast-responsive conductivepolymer actuators electrically driven in air

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Free-standing films made of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) with various PSS composition ratios were prepared by casting water dispersion of the PEDOT/PSS colloidal particles in the presence of an extra PSS. The maximum contraction of the film by application of an electric field increased with increasing both PSS composition ratio and relative humidity (RH), where the value attained 7% for the film with 93% of PSS at 70 %RH. Since the isothermal sorption curve of the film was less dependent on the PSS content, the significant increase of the film contraction was explained by two mechanisms: (i) the extra PSS prevented from hydrogen bonding between the adjacent PEDOT/PSS particles that suppressed dimensional changes of the film; (ii) the higher the RH, the larger the water content sorbed in the film.