Theory and experiment of the spin Nernst effect in electron gas systems with a spin-orbit interaction

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The spin Nernst effect is considered to be a thermoelectric phenomenon which yield the chemical potential difference between carriers with opposite spin in the direction perpendicular to the temperature gradient. We theoretically investigated the electronic states of meso scale electron gas systems with a spin-orbit interaction. Then we investigated the effects of impurities and phonon-drag on transport phenomena of the systems under the temperature gradient. Moreover, we fabricated thesingle-crystal Bi nanowire several hundred nano-meters in diameter, and measured the electronic physical properties.