Research on electrical properties of summer and winter lightning by using low frequency electromagnetic waves and comprehensive observations of thunderstorm activities

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Electrical properties of winter lightning in Hokuriku region around the sea of Japan and of summer lightning over Kanto region are studied by using newly developed ELF observation network to detect radiations from lightning flashes. To date spatio-temporal distributions of lightning flashes with a polarity and charge moment information have been successfully derived This is the first attempt to use multipoint measurement of the ELF frequency range for such short separation distance. Moreover, one-year statistical analysis has been carried out by using the data from LF conventional lightning network together with our ELF network. As a result, we found that lightning flashes delivering a large amount of charge are frequently occurred around the sea of Japan and over the Pacific Ocean during the wintertime.