Spatial Location of Retail Stores: Measures against Hollowing-out of retail stores

零售店的集中或空心化是市场互动的结果。由于购物行为涉及市场失灵，零售店的空间位置并不是社会最优的。我们的目标是分析市场失灵如何通过零售店选址的变化来影响消费者的福利，这是由包括交通规划在内的城市政策引起的。我们考虑了四种类型的商业市场失灵：a)商业区位的空间价格竞争，2)零售店之间的不完全竞争，3)多用途(一站式)购物造成的购物外部性，4)商品质量的信息不对称。

Concentration or hollowing-out of retail stores are the results of market interactions. Since shopping behavior involves market failures, the spatial location of retail stores is not socially optimal. Our objective is to analyze how market failure affects consumers' welfare through the change in retail store location, which is caused by urban policies including transportation planning. We consider four types of market failures in commerce: a) spatial price competition of commercial location, 2) imperfect competition among retail stores, 3) shopping externality caused by multipurpose (one-stop) shopping and 4) asymmetric information on the quality of goods.