Energy harvesting from the environmental temperature variation using ferroelectric ceramics.

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Thermal-electrical energy converters based on pyroelectric effect were investigated for energy harvesting and possible use in ultralow-power sensor modules. Thermal energy harvesting using pyroelectric effects in PZT-based ceramics with different Tc, PVDF films, and PMN-PT crystals were investigated. With decreasing Curie temperature (Tc) of the PZT-based ceramics, the output voltage due to pyroelectric effects increased. The output power and power density of PZT ceramics with Tc of 145°C were 5.2μW and 1.66 μW/cm2 under 5 K/s temperature change, respectively. PLZT ceramics withTc of 140°C exhibited large energy generation of 54.8 J/L/cycle with temperature variations from 30°C to 200°C and field variations from 0 to 20kV/cm. Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 ceramics withTc of 40°C exhibited energy generation of 58.6 J/L/cycle with temperature variations from30°C to 125°C and field variations from 0 to 20kV/cm.