Analysis of high temperature and pressure cavitation bubbles during ultrasound irradiation and its application to reaction control

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The effects of ultrasound irradiation conditions on the bubble temperatures attained were investigated in an aqueous solution. The bubble temperatures during ultrasound cavitation tended to decrease with increasing amount of decomposition products and vapor of the used alcohols. In addition, the reaction of nitrogen oxidation was suggested to be one of the important probes to monitor the bubble temperatures and pressures during ultrasound cavitation. The syntheses of palladium nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles and graphene by using ultrasound irradiation methods were performed, where the reduction rates of metal ions and size and shape of the formed nanomaterials were able to be controlled by various reaction conditions.