Analyses on the functions of chloroplast actin filaments

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Chloroplasts relocate in the cell in response to environmental light condition. The chloroplast photorelocation response is generally mediated by the blue light receptor, phototropin. We have been shown in Arabidopsis cells that the chloroplast movement utilizes short chloroplast actin filaments (cp-actin filaments), which are different from cytoplasmic actin filaments and unique to chloroplast. In this work, we showed that the novel cp-actin filaments-mediated movement mechanism of chloroplasts are also found in cells of liverwort and moss which are considered to be the first land plants and evolutionally distant from Arabidopsis. In liverwort and moss cells, chloroplast photorelocation are also regulated by receptors other than phototropin, cp-actin dynamics are analyzed in these responses.