Exploring evolution and figure of early fungal clade "LKM11"in oxygen-depleted environment

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For exploring early evolution of fungi, we investigated fungaldiversity in sediments colleted in eight lakes in west Japan. By using culture-independentmethod with fungal-specific PCR of SSU rDNA, we revealed an large extent of novel fungaldiversity in lacustrine environment. Four hundreds fungal phylotypes were obtained fromPCR clone libraries of six lakes successfully amplified. Novel (<97% identity) phylotypesare 213 (53.3%) in all fungal phylotypes. There were 187 phylotypes (46.8%) related toDikarya (Ascomycota + Basidiomycota). Whereas, Non-Dikarya fungi (Chytridiomycota +Blastocladiomycota + LKM11 etc) were 53.3%, 74.8% of which were estimated to be novelphylotypes with <97% affinities. All LKM11 phylotypes were novel. Early fungal lineagesoccupied a majority of all fungal phylotypes from the lacustrine environment in west Japanand indicated an unexpected diversity and novelty.