Development and clinical evaluation of soft tissue regeneration based on mechanobiology

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We focused on the effects of LIPUS on GE1 cells in this study. GE1 were exposed to LIPUS for 15 min at 3 MHz frequency and 40 mW/cm2 power. Total RNA was extracted after LIPUS exposure and analyzed by quantitative PCR to detect CCN2/CTGF, and total protein from each sample after LIPUS exposure was immunoblotted. CCN2/CTGF mRNA levels were significantly greater at 0 and 15 min after LIPUS exposure, compared with the control. Western blotting analysis showed intense staining of CCN2/CTGF for 60 min after LIPUS exposure. Phosphorylation of MAPK was up-regulated at 30 min after LIPUS exposure. Our findings demonstrated that LIPUS exposure increases CCN2/CTGF via the MAPK signaling pathway.