Development of a Distributed Rainfall-Runoff/Flood Inundation Model for the Catchment Flood Control

研究的目的是建立分布式降雨-径流/洪水淹没(DRR/FI)模型，该模型能够完整/无缝地模拟降雨-径流和决堤/内陆洪水淹没过程。到目前为止，已经发展了许多基于物理的降雨-径流模型，通过确定模拟的先验水流方向，采用一维运动波模型来确定地表径流。然而，在这里的模型概念中，地表水流是基于浅水方程的二维动力波浪模型来模拟的，从而实现了径流和洪水淹没过程的同时演进。同样，对于河流水流，采用一维动力波浪模型，而不是一维运动波浪模型。因此，DRR/FI模型可以再现河流交汇处和入湖/出海口的回水效应。具体地说，日本兵库县小川集水区模型和横川河集水区模型I…关西地区更多的是用DRR/FI开发的。这些结果发表在例如《日本土木工程师学会期刊》(JSCE)上。横断河模型的集水区面积为8240平方公里。将DRR/FI这样的模型概念应用于这么大的流域，在日本还很少见。该模型可以模拟流域内任意位置的洪水淹没深度，但需要进行局部标定。换言之，在定标后，该模型可以基于流域内任何位置的危险来估计洪水风险和风险。风险包括洪灾造成的经济损失。此外，在DRR/FI模型中还考虑了大坝的调度规则，从而也可以考虑大坝的防洪能力。由于DRR/FI模型可以考虑降水的时空分布，因此对DRR/FI模型分别进行了雷达合成、雷达AMeDAS和模拟气候变化试验，并对模拟结果进行了总结。并开发了与疏散模型的接口。较少

The purpose of the research is to develop, what we call, the Distributed Rainfall-Runoff/Flood-Inundation(DRR/FI) model which can simulate the rainfall-runoff and dike-break/inland flood inundation processes in an integrated/seamless manner. Until now, many physically-based rainfall-runoff models have been developed in such a way that the surface flow is routed with 1D kinematic wave model by deciding the flow direction a-priori of the simulation. However, in the model concept here, the surface flow is simulated with 2D dynamic wave model based on a Shallow Water equation, which thus enables the simultaneous routing of the runoff and flood inundation processes. Likewise 1D dynamic wave model is used with regard to the river flow instead of a 1D kinematic wave model. Thus the DRR/FI model can reproduce the backwater effect at the river confluences and outlets to the lake/ocean. Specifically, the Sayogawa river catchment model, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan and Yodogawa river catchment model i … More n the Kansai area are developed with DRR/FI. These results are presented in e. g. Journals of Japan Society of Civil Engineers(JSCE). The catchment size of the Yodogawa river model is 8240km2. The application of such model concept as DRR/FI for such a large river basin is seldom seen in Japan. The model can simulate the flood inundation depth anywhere in the catchment though it requests the local calibration. In other words, after the calibration the model can estimate the flood hazard and risk based on the hazard anywhere in the catchment. The risk includes the economic losses due to the flood. Moreover, the dam operation rules are also incorporated in the DRR/FI model, thus the flood control capacity of the dam can also be considered. As the DRR/FI model can consider the spatio-temporal distribution of the rainfall, e. g. the Radar-Composite, Radar-AMeDAS and pseudo climate change experiment rainfalls are given to the DRR/FI model and the simulated results are summarized in the Journal papers. The interface with the evacuation model is also developed. Less