Phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies of Japanese Cladocera to test the hypothesis of glacial refugia for freshwater zooplankton species in the Far East

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This study revealed that Bosmina longirostris, which distributes in a global scale including Northern Africa, Europe, Siberia, East Asia, South America, and Antarctic Peninsula, is undergoing the process of speciation only in the Far East. The resutls suggest that various genetic lineages of lacustrine species may have survived and evolved in the Far East, since climate of the Far East has been relatively mild and wet during the 100,000-year glacial cycles. On the other hand, this study also indicated that another closely related species Bosmina freyi recently introduced from North America to Japan (reservoirs in Chiba Prefecture and around Seto Inland Sea).