Mechanism of energy homeostasis maintenance via short-chain fatty acids receptor(GPR41), dietary energy sensor

短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）是结肠细菌降解未被吸收的膳食纤维的产物，并且已被建议调节包括心血管、代谢和免疫系统在内的各种生理反应;然而，该过程的潜在机制尚不确定。本工作阐明了它们在心血管和代谢系统中的交感神经调节机制。SCFA和酮是体内主要的能量来源，通过GPR 41直接调节交感神经活动。在检查缺乏GPR 41的小鼠的心脏和代谢交感神经反应时，我们发现丙酸和.羟基丁酸酯（主要SCFA和酮体）分别促进或抑制GPR 41介导的SNS激活。膳食脂肪酸对SNS的这种新的调节机制不仅在生理学上，而且在疾病中具有重要意义。

Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) are the products of colonic bacterial degradation of unabsorbed dietary fiber, and have been suggested to modulate a various physiological responses including cardiovascular, metabolic and immune systems ; however, the underlying mechanism for the process is uncertain. Our present work clarified their regulatory mechanism of sympathetic nervous system in cardiovascular and metabolic systems. SCFAs and ketones, major energy sources in body, directly regulate sympathetic activity via GPR41. Examining the cardiac and metabolic sympathetic responses in mice lacking GPR41, we found that propionate and.-hydroxybutyrate(major SCFA and ketone body) promotes or depresses GPR41-mediated SNS activation, respectively. This novel regulatory mechanism of SNS by dietary fatty acids would be of importance not only in the physiology, but in the diseases.