Shape control of colloidal crystals by microfluidics and their applications to optical functional materials

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Colloidal crystals, three-dimensional periodic arrays of monodisperse particles, have received considerable attention with respect to the possible application, particularly as photonic crystals. The colloidal crystals are conventionally fabricated on the substrate, and the film shape limits the utility of these crystals for many applications. In this work, we have succeeded in fabricating colloidal crystals in various shapes such as shells, fibers, and large films by microfluidic techniques. We demonstrated that the gel-immobilized colloidal crystal shells are potentially useful for microcapsules that can monitor changes inside and outside the capsules through the Bragg diffraction wavelength or diffraction color.