Analyses of regulatory mechanisms of chloroplast division by eukaryotic cell cycle and photosynthesis

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Chloroplasts have evolved from a cyanobacterial endosymbiont. Continuity of chloroplasts has been maintained by synchronization of the host cell cycle and the timing of chloroplast division. In this study, we have shown (1) that timing of chloroplast division is restricted to the S phase by the cell-cycle regulated expression of the chloroplast division genes and (2) that the host cell cycle progression depends on both photosynthetic cell growth and circadian rhythmus.