The Birth of the Jury of Presentment and the Canonical Procedure inEngland

本文的研究目的在于弄清出示陪审团产生于世纪后期英国的原因。通过对1166年克拉伦登的《大审判》和1164年《克拉伦登宪法》第6条的分析，并从实践的角度对皇家法院和教会法院的诉讼程序进行阐述，笔者得出以下结论：首先，在十二世纪，宗教法庭与其他诉讼程序一起使用了纠问程序。其次，在教会法庭上，副主教在宗教裁判程序中同时扮演检察官和法官的角色。第三，当时有许多人抱怨大主教滥用权力。第四，这种情况似乎促使国王亨利二世颁布了《克拉伦登宪法》第六条，这是亨利二世在《克拉伦登巡回审判》中将陪审团引入皇家法院的一个步骤

The purpose of this study is to make clear the reason why the juryof presentment was born in England in the later twelfth century. By analyzing the Assizeof Clarendon of 1166 and c.6 of the Constitutions of Clarendon of 1164, and investigatingthe procedure of the royal courts and the ecclesiastical courts from a practical pointof view, I have obtained the following results. Firstly, the inquisitorial procedure hasbeen used alongside other procedures in the ecclesiastical courts in the twelfth century. Secondly, in the ecclesiastical courts, the archdeacon played both parts of a prosecutorand a judge at the same time in the inquisitorial proceeding. Thirdly, at that time therewere many complaints that the archdeacons abused their authority. Fourthly, thesesituations seem to have made King Henry II issue c.6 of the Constitutions of Clarendon,which is only one step to the Assize of Clarendon by which Henry II introduced the juryof presentment into the royal courts