Neural circuits regulating innate and learned fear responses

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Fear emotion is evoked by sensory inputs either by innate or learned processes. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms that regulate innate and learned fear emotions. We have successfully identified "fear odors", a series of odorants that can induce potent innate fear in mice. Using these odors, we found that innate and learned fears are regulated by distinct brain regions throughout the whole brain, and are accompanied by distinct physiological responses.