The Novel Cutting-edge Technologies to Eliminate Refractory Perfluorinated Compounds in Water Environment

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This study aimed to develop novel technologies for degrading perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in wastewater and sludge. Advanced analytical techniques were developed for quantitation of the compounds and their degradation products. Low pressure reverse osmosis membrane filtration was very effective to retain the compounds. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), the most refractory compound among the PFCs, was degraded very effectively in wastewater and sludge by electrolysis and indirect thermal desorption method (over 400 oC) respectively. Various kinds of intermediates in water phase were observed during electrolytic degradation of PFOS while low molecular weight PFCs at very low concentrations were detected in gas phase. Photolytic degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in dilute aqueous solution was greatly enhanced (almost one hundred percent PFOA removal and 70% defluorination ratio) in a novel photo-reactor that utilizes vacuum VUV (185 nm) emitted by low-pressure lamps.