The Politics of Accountability Reform

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What explains institutional reforms to enhance government accountability? This research attempted to address this question by examining accountability reforms which had advanced in many parts of the world. Specifically, the goal of this research was three-fold. First, we revisited the concept of accountability, and provided a clear definition in order to avoid conceptual confusion. Second, we examined what kinds of institutions had been established to generate four types of accountability: electoral accountability, horizontal accountability, societal accountability, and international accountability. Third, by focusing on the cases of the United States, EU, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Japan, and Southeast Asia, we found factors promoting institutional reforms of each type of accountability.