Development of a cryogenic high-resolution X-ray spectrometer and its operation environment for exploring formation of large-scale structures in the universe

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To reveal evolution of clusters of galaxies and large-scale structures in the universe, it is essential to observe motion of hot intracluster medium with high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy. In this research, we developed a cryogenic TES microcalorimeter that could enable such observations, together with an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) that is operative under micro-gravity environment of satellites. The ADR that we developed has enough cooling performance, and we achieved energy resolution of 6.6 +/- 0.3 eV (FWHM) at 5.9 keV, after optimizing magnetic and electric shielding.