Elucidation of pathological role of NGAL as a modulator of kidney function, metabolism and immune system

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NGAL KO mice exhibited worsening of adenine nephropathy. 80% of blood NGAL was derived from leukocytes, while urinary NGAL was mainly synthesized by the kidney. In chronic kidney disease, urinary NGAL was partly bound to polyIg receptor or a2-macroglobulin, and showed correlation with severity of renal pathologic changes. Under high fat diet, NGAL KO mice showed resistance against obesity. Hemodialysis patients having low blood NGAL levels showed increased risk to have malnutrition and to develop severe infection. Treatment of WT mice with LPS induced brain inflammation, reduced motor activity and recognition impairment, and these chnges were ameliorated in KO mice. NGAL expression was increased in BAL fluid and lung biopsy samples from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.