A Study on Regional Sustainable Humanosphere in Indonesia Based on Long-term Data and Field Work

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Democratization and decentralization since 1998, and following economic development,especially after 2008 in Indonesia has brought about big changes of Javanese Rural socio-economy. The percentage of landless households increased to 80% in 2012, from 56% in 1990, or 32% in 1904. This change was partly because of the increase of the number of household and the decrease of per-household member, and partly because of the development of non-agricultural sector as well as increase of temporary migration to Jakarta. On the other hand the number of population did not increase largely.Faced with deforestation and water shortage at the latter half of 19th century, forest management and irrigation/drainage control by state was strengthened. Present democratization abolished the coerce cultivation of sugar cane. People's initiatives promote the business of intensive agriculture (red onion), non-agriculture(ex. brick making and apparel), and tree planting at the private marginal lands.