A Cognitive-Pragmatic Approach to Taxonomy of Negation: Revisit to Descriptive/Metalinguistic Negation

本研究建议，霍恩（1985）的描述性/元语言的否定二分法应该被反对和描述的区别所取代，而抽象的、逻辑的否定分类法应该被功能的、认知-语用的（关联理论）观点所取代。霍恩的描述性否定（DN）代表一个真函数算子，将命题p变为命题非p，而“元语言”否定（MN）代表一个非真函数算子，反对先前的话语。本研究提取了有助于否定分类的三个属性（即作为功能的反对，Wilson（2000）意义上的归因，以及否定目标的概念性），并得出结论，低级表征的“归因”（及其产生的功能“反对”），而不是真功能，是句子否定二分法的关键属性。

This research proposes that Horn's (1985) descriptive/metalinguistic dichotomy of negation should be replaced with a distinction between OBJECTION and DESCRIPTION, and that the taxonomy with an abstract, logical view of negation should be replaced by a functional, cognitive-pragmatic (relevance-theoretic) view. Horn's descriptive negation (DN) represents a truth-functional operator, taking a proposition p into a proposition not-p, and "metalinguistic" negation (MN) represents a non-truth-functional operator, objecting to a previous utterance. This research extracts three properties that contribute to the taxonomy of negation (i.e. objection as a function, attribution in Wilson's(2000) sense, and the conceptuality of the negation target), and concludes that the 'attribution' of the lower representation (and its resulting function 'objection'), but not truth-functionality, is a crucial property for the dichotomy of sentence negation.