The Funeral Books in Early Modern Berlin, Brandenburg-Prussia

在早期的现代柏林和勃兰登堡-普鲁士，中上阶层的人们出版了他们的小葬礼书。它们由葬礼布道和葬礼传记组成。前者是早期现代的《阿斯·莫里安迪》，展示了美好死亡的典范。后者强调了死者及其家人的荣誉。总的来说，逝者被描述为不仅具有宗教美德，而且具有社会荣誉的英雄。因此，早期的现代殡葬书籍是早期现代柏林和勃兰登堡-普鲁士的中上阶层人民的纸质纪念碑。

In early modern Berlin and Brandenburg-Prussia, the people in the upper and middle classes published their little funeral books. They consisted of the funeral sermons and the funeral biography. The former was the early modern "ars moriendi" and showed the model of the good death. The latter stressed the honor of the deceased and his family. On the whole, the deceased was described as the hero not only with religious virtue but also with social honor. So the early modern funeral books were the paper monuments for the people in the upper and middle classes in early modern Berlin and Brandenburg-Prussia.