Deep crustal imaging by wide-angle seismic data using seismic interferometry

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Wide-angle seismic reflection and refraction survey data obtained by Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBSs) are effective for constraining long-wavelength seismic velocities and deep structures, but the large OBS spacing, typically 5 or 6 km, prevents us from applying waveform analysis techniques like waveform inversion and seismic migration. Seismic Interferometry (SI) has a potential to overcome this difficulties, because we can redatum sparse sea floor receiver gathers into dense sea surface receiver gathers by applying SI to OBS data. The syntheseized dense wide-angle data enable us to image high-resolution seismic structure by applying Pre-Stack Depth Migration (PSDM). We studied technical details for effective imaging of detailed seismic structure by SI + PSDM method. Consequently, we successfully imaged seafloor, sediments, and deep reflectors at a depth of more than 10km by using only sparse OBS data.