Synthesis and Properties of Novel Cleavable Surfactants Usable in Seawater

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The marine pollution with the oil spill becomes the big environmental problem. The development of the oil spill treatment agent with good biodegradability has become desired. We have been investigating the preparation and properties of cleavable surfactants which are designed to decompose into non-surface active species under mild conditions. We have mentioned that the cleavable moiety (noncyclic acetal group, 1,3-dioxolane ring or ester) had a positive effect on the various surface-active properties. In this work, double-chain cleavable nonionic surfactants bearing a 1,3-dioxolane ring or ester were prepared from diethyl tartrate. A sucrose was used as hydrophilic group. We clarified that they have good surface-active properties in seawater, and the decomposition function in acid water. The biodegradabilities of these cleavable surfactants after 28 days were more than 60 % by an oxygen consumption method with activated sludge. We evaluated the biodegradation of heavy oil.