Study on the relaminarization of turbulent flows and the wall jet flows produced by eddy currents in a liquid metal MHD electrical power generator

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We numerically assess the influence of non-uniform magnetic flux density on turbulent duct flows in a liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electrical power generator. As increasing the magnetic flux density (or Hartmann number), the M-shaped velocity profile produced by eddy currents develops in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field; the maximum velocity in the sidewall layer of the M-shaped profile increases to keep the flow rate. Under the condition of a relaminarized flow, the turbulence structures align along the magnetic field and flow repeatedly like the Karman vortex sheet. At a higher Hartmann number, the wall-shear stress in the sidewall layer increases and the sidewall jets transit to turbulence.