How urban greenways should be designed and managed to increase biodiversity in urban areas?

以东京都及其周边11条绿道为研究对象，研究了鸟类种类组成与植被结构、土地利用等环境因子的关系。鸟类区系的空间变异可以从绿道内及其周围植被结构（尤其是乔木层植被覆盖度）来解释。而在灌木层和草本层植被覆盖度较低的地方，喜食林下植被的鸟类如Horornis diphone、Emberiza spodocephala和Turdus pallidus的观测频率呈下降趋势。绿道周边的城市化对绿道内鸟类区系也有影响，但植被结构的影响似乎更为重要。观察到的鸟类明显倾向于沿着绿道飞行（而不是穿过绿道）。这些结果表明，植被良好的绿道可能是一些森林栖息鸟类的良好途径和栖息地。

Relationship between avian species composition and environmental factors such as vegetation structure and land use was studied in eleven greenways located in and around Tokyo Metropolis. Spatial variation of avian fauna could be explained considering vegetation structure (especially, vegetation coverage in tree layers) in and around the greenways studied. However, observation frequency of the bird species that prefer to forage in understory vegetation such as Horornis diphone, Emberiza spodocephala and Turdus pallidus tended to decrease where vegetation coverage in shrub and herb layers was low. Though the urbanization around the greenways also influenced the avian fauna in the greenways, the influence of vegetation structure seemed to be more important. The observed birds show significant tendency to fly along (not across) the greenways. These results indicate that well vegetated greenways could be good pathways and habitats for some forest dwelling birds.