Trends in prevalence and causes of functional disability in an elderly general population of Japanese: the Hisayama Study

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In a population-based cross-sectional study of 1,908 Japanese aged 65 years or older, we examined the prevalence of activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability. As a result, the prevalence of ADL disability was 18.9% and IADL disability was 47.2% in 2012. Next, we investigated secular trends in the prevalence of ADL disability using the results of examinations conducted in 1985, 1992, 1998 and 2005. As a result, the prevalence of ADL disability increased significantly to 18.3% in 2005 from 10.4% in 1985. Finally, we assessed the cause of ADL disability. Dementia was the most cause of disability in each survey, and the proportion increased with time from 1985 to 2005.