AMPD1 plays a role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity.

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Insulin resistance is a key factor in the pathogenic mechanisms of diabetes. We have studied the function of AMPD1, an isoform of AMP catalyzing enzyme AMP deaminase, which is preferentially expressed in skeletal muscles and potentially modifies insulin signaling pathway, in the glucose and lipid metabolism by analyzing AMPD1-deficient mice. We demonstrate that AMPD1 deficiency improves impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance induced by high fat diet challenge. Gene expression profiles in skeletal muscles were modified by AMPD1 deficiency during high fat diet challenge. Although further studies are necessary to elucidate the targets of AMPD1 in insulin signaling pathway, these data suggest that AMPD1 inhibition could be a therapeutic strategy against diabetes.