Implications of CYP2A6 genetic variation for smoking behaviors and periodontal disease

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The sample comprised 89% non-smokers, 3% ex-smokers, and 8% smokers. Also, 35% of students responded that they inhaled secondhand smoke at home. Thirty-seven percent of students had signs of gingival bleeding, while 21% had signs of swelling. The frequency of interdental device use was 29%. Also, 30% of all smoking students thought that a price of 500 yen for cigarettes would deter smoking, while 68% of students said they disliked students who smoked. The Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND) scores in smokers were higher than those of non-smokers and ex-smokers. In addition, male students demonstrated higher KTSND scores than did female students. KTSND scores for non-smoking students exposed to secondhand smoke were higher than those not exposed to secondhand smoke. We did not find any relationship between CYP2A6 genetic polymorphisms and periodontal conditions among chronic periodontitis patients with smoking.