Development of an assessment framework including signs of pain among elderly people with dementia

建立一个评估框架，包括疼痛的迹象作为观察评估工具，以筛查老年痴呆症患者的疼痛。(1)以17名护理人员为研究对象，就痴呆患者疼痛行为进行访谈，从言语/声音、面部表情、肢体语言、日常生活活动、行为/情绪、生理反应6个方面对访谈结果进行分析，共引出36个分项。(2)In对106名患有疼痛的老年痴呆症患者进行的调查显示，>30%的人出现6项症状，而<10%的人出现13项症状。(3)In一项评估疼痛症状的调查，可以适当地包括在疼痛评估框架，17个项目被评为适当的不到75%的护士。这导致了在6个类别的31个疼痛症状的最终版本。

To develop an assessment framework including signs of pain as an observational assessment tool to screen for pain among elderly people with dementia.(1) Seventeen nurses were interviewed regarding specific behaviors with pain in patients with dementia.The interview results were analyzed on the basis of the following six categories: words/sounds,facial expressions,body language, daily living activities,behaviors/moods, and physiological responses.A total of 36 sub-items were elicited.(2)In a survey of 106 elderly dementia suffering from pain,6 items were observed in >30% of the individuals,whereas 13 items were present in <10% of the individuals.(3)In a survey for evaluating signs of pain that could be appropriately include in the pain assessment framework,17 items were rated as appropriate by less than 75% of nurses.This resulted in a final version of 31 signs of pain in 6 categories.