Generation mechanism of unsteady forces in synchronized swimming

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Using PIV measurements combined with the motion analysis a downward flow was observed and the instant at which the force becomes large was determined. The instant was found to be two ends in in-and out-sculls. Moreover, by comparing the vorticity fields with the velocity fields flow characteristics of unsteady flows around a hand were clarified. Appearance of a whirlpool and downward flow near the center of it was also confirmed.