A challenge; Evolutionary Game theory applying to dynamics of vehicle agents in traffic jam and its understanding of macroscopic phenomenon

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Following previous works by Yamauchi et al. (PRE 79) and Nakata et al. (Physica A 389), who investigated whether a traffic flow with lane closing instinctively contains social dilemma, another question of whether lane changes in a traffic flow without any evident bottlenecks bring about social dilemma structures. Simulation result reveals that flow phases featured with high flux and high density have obvious social dilemma classified with Prisoner’s Dilemma, where all drivers tend to take the strategy trying lane changes as long as possible, and this causes the worst beneficial situation from social benefit point of view. Whereas, in flow regimes having local jams but much more flux than entire jam phase, frequent lane changes can rather improve the total social payoff, defined by averaged flux, because driving with lane changes can earn pretty small forward gains, leading to larger flux than driving without any lane changes.