Autonomous collaborative learning in English writing at university: Construction and evaluation of multilevel digital portfolios

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Self-evaluation and peer-evaluation of English writing were conducted online,and the results were recorded as multilevel digital portfolios on a newly constructed WebDAV system.MAHARA was also introduced as a system to search and view the portfolios effectively. In the descriptions of the portfolios, time-series changes and relationships in strategies, collaborative metacognition, self-efficacy were analyzed by employing text mining and case study as a qualitative research method. The study also quantitatively examined the improvement of strategy use and self-efficacy, based on questionnaires and the development of writing performance with the Coh-Metrix program.It finally elucidated the effectiveness of the multilevel portfolios in the support of autonomous collaborative learning of writing at university in conjunction with qualitative research.