Shock compression experiment of rocks: shear melting and seismogenic processes in deep earthquakes

我们用橄榄石单晶进行了冲击压缩实验，成功地引起了橄榄石的摩擦熔化。结果发现，粉碎发生在熔融之前，这一系列的事件发生在周围的破裂前，是由冲击压缩。我们还发现了尖晶石冠，表明一个非常高的温度阶段的假玄武玻璃的Balmuccia橄榄岩和证明，有问题的糜棱岩假玄武玻璃也有熔融的起源。 通过对剪切局部化和显微构造的观察，我们还确定了一个孕震断层刚刚成核和扩展的位置，这使得研究塑性变形结束时地震破裂的启动过程和机制成为可能。

We have succeeded in causing a frictional melting of olivine by shock compression experiment using single crystals of olivine. It was found that pulverzation occurred before melting and this sequence of event occurred around a rupture front that was caused by a shock compression.We have also found a spinel corona that indicates a very high-temperature stage of pseudotachylyte of Balmuccia peridotite and demonstrated that problematical mylonitic pseudotachylyte has also a melting origin. By observing shear localizations in the field and microstructures, we also identified a very site where seismogenic fault had just nucleated and expanded, which made the study possible of the processes and mechanism of the initiation of a seismic rupture at the end of plastic deformation.